Who were the German Social Democrats, and what is the significance of November 11, 1918

History- Chapter 21 Flashcards Quizle

• Who were German Social Democrats, and what is the significance of November 11, 1918, in relation to the group? New and improved government What was the goal of revolutionary forces in Germany after the war
• A revolutionary government met for the first time in November 1918. Known as the Council of People's Commissioners, it consisted of three Majority Social Democrats (Friedrich Ebert, Philipp Scheidemann, and Otto Landsberg) and three United Social Democrats (Emil Barth, Wilhelm Dittman, and Hugo Haase)
• staff
• Who were the German social democrats and what is the significanse of November 11 1918 in relation to the group? Asked by Wiki User. Be the first to answer! Answer

History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany - Wikipedi

On 9 November 1918, leading SPD member Friedrich Ebert was appointed Chancellor and fellow Social Democrat Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed Germany a republic. The government introduced a large number of reforms in the following months, introducing various civil liberties and labor rights . [20 Social Democratic Party, Germany's oldest political party and one of the country's two main parties. It advocates the modernization of the economy to meet the demands of globalization, but it also stresses the need to address the social needs of workers and society's disadvantaged Led by Ferdinand Bebel, Karl Kautsky, Friedrich Ebert, and Eduard Bernstein, the SDP was now the largest political party in Germany. During the First World War a group of members led by Kurt Eisner left to form the Independent Socialist Party (USPD). In October, 1918, Max von Baden invited right-wing members of the SDP to join his coalition government The Spartacus group -- among them Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg -- was formed by those Social Democrats that criticized the SPD leadership's tacit support of the war while proclaiming to strive for a negotiated peace as soon as possible

Essentially, the project of social democracy is to make sure that unrestricted citizenship for all is made compatible with the dynamics of a market economy. Within that economic order, each and every citizen is to be guaranteed the same economic, social, and political rights. Here it is crucial to recall that this project came to fruition at a time. THE GERMAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY. 467 inaliy had accepted the doctrines of Schulze-Delitzsh. Both were now under the influence of the international socialism of Karl Marx, and all their energies were used to prevent the workmen's unions which had sprang up since 1860 from attaching them selves to the national socialism of Lassalle. It was not lon Social Democratic Party of Germany - Social Democratic Party of Germany - Policy and structure: Although the SPD still proclaims its allegiance to social justice and the welfare state, the majority of the party recognizes that economic growth and employment require a favourable investment climate and that Germany's traditionally high labour and nonwage labour costs (e.g., pensions. Between the 1880s and 1914, the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) served as a model for the workers' movement internationally. Notwithstanding his criticisms of its programme and the behaviour of some of its elected deputies. Friedrich Engels could barely contain his delight at its seemingly inexorable rise

They had discussed with them before the war to ensure that the Social Democrats would not sabotage the war effort and were rewarded, when, to the astonishment of the world, the German Social Democratic Party reneged on its own past (not a man, not a farthing for this system their leader August Bebel had announced years earlier) and on every international resolution it had agreed to, in. The German state of Bavaria was taken over by Communist revolutionaries on November 7, 1918, just four days before the Armistice which ended World War I was signed on November 11, 1918. In the November Revolution, the Social Democrats overthrew the imperial government of Germany and proclaimed a Republic on November 9, 1918 Answers: 1, question: Who were the german social democrats and what is the significance of november 11, 1918, in relation to the group

Who were the german social democrats and what is the

1. that governed Prussia, the largest German state, comprised the Social Democrats, the Centre Party and the left-liberal Deutsche Staatspartei (German State Party), the old Deutsche Demokratische Partei (German Democratic Party). The Social Democrats were therefore dependent upon Briining's party, the Centre. If the SPD brought dow
2. The departure of Oskar Lafontaine and other left-wing Social Democrats cost the SPD some of its most popular figures and a decent chunk of its electorate, but after a few successful years the party has ceased to benefit from Social Democracy's ongoing losses
3. Germany's Social Democrats have confirmed two relatively unknown leftwingers as the new leaders of the party at the start of a three-day conference that will focus on its future in Angela Merkel.

On a Tuesday night in September, hundreds of German Social Democrats streamed past a statue of Chancellor Willy Brandt, who led the country in the 1960s and '70s, into the party's headquarters in.. In September 1918 the heads of the German army, Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff, told the Kaiser that Germany should ask the Allies for an armistice. From November onwards a series of events.. The revolution that broke out in fall 1918 was driven by two popular demands: overthrowing the monarchy and ending the war. The first happened on November 9, 1918, and the second was secured with the armistice of November 11, 1918. Officially, the country was now a socialist republic governed by a Workers' Council. But what would come next Germany's social democrats look for a new face, but their problems are much deeper. Meanwhile, parts of the Rhine River were closed during a summer of scorching heat in 2019, further highlighting the challenge of the climate crisis to an already sympathetic German electorate

Who were the German social democrats and what is the

Initially the German social democrats (SPD) supported the Kaisers decision to declare war. Partly as a matter of political ideology, and partly because of the pro war hysteria that seemed to grip the entire continent. In April 1917, the USPD broke away from the SPD to form their own anti-war campaign The social democrats are going to propose financial aid for the countries, where refugees are coming from, as well as assistance for Italy and Greece in terms of organizing registration and housing for refugees or their repatriation In recent elections in the state of Bavaria, the Social Democrats, known by their German acronym SPD, scored their worst result ever, sliding from 20.6 to 9.7 percent The German SPD published its European election manifesto on Monday (18 February), clearly setting out social justice and fair taxation as the main priorities. But what about environmental. The AfD's success in Germany demonstrates this tendency, as does the rise of the right-wing Freedom Party in Austria, which has been governed by grand coalitions for decades. And in the opposition, the Social Democrats could finally attempt to heal the ideological rift between them and the far-left Die Linke. But skepticism is also in order

Social Democratic Party of Germany - Wikipedi

1. Sebastian Haffner wrote in his book, Failure of a Revolution: Germany, 1918-19 (1973), that Eugen Levine was the communists best hope for leading a successful revolution as he had the same qualities as Leon Trotsky: Eugen Levine, a young man of impulsive and wild energy who, unlike Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, probably possessed the qualities of a German Lenin or Trotsky
2. the Social Democrat masses, the Social Democrat leaders promptly mobilized the old palace guards and had their own supporters ejected. One year later they themselves were again outside the door — for ever. The German Revolution of 1918 was a Social Democrat revolution suppressed by the Social Democrat leaders: a process hardly paralleled i
3. The Revolutionary Shop Stewards were members of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), the main rival to the SPD, from which it had split in 1917 on antiwar grounds. In 1914, the SPD had committed to cooperation with the kaiser's state, disciplining the labor movement in support of the war effort — a shocking betrayal in the eyes of radicals internationally

Social Democratic Party History, Policies, & Structure

Adolf Stoecker died in 1909 and in November 1918, most members of the CSP, under lead of Reichstag member Reinhard Mumm (who succeeded Stoecker in representing the Arnsberg constituency), stepped over to the German National People's Party (Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP) in 1918 During the days of November 1918 [when a liberal democratic republic replaced the monarchy], they solemnly pledged to lead our people, and especially the German worker, into a better economic future. Today - after they have had nearly 14 years to fulfill their promises - they are not able to cite the well-being of a single German occupational class as witness to the quality of their efforts Twenty-one years later, Walter Ulbricht, the present master of East Germany, admitted that the Communists had concentrated their main fire on the Social-Democrats, not on Hitler, Brüning, Papen, or Schleicher, without sufficiently distinguishing between the Social-Democratic leadership and the Social-Democratic membership. 40 In all those years, Ulbricht could think of nothing else that had been wrong with the theory of social-fascism

The responsibility for thus disgracing socialism falls primarily on the German Social-Democrats, who were the strongest and most influential party in the Second International. But neither can one justify the French socialists, who have accepted ministerial posts in the government of that very bourgeoisie which betrayed its country and allied itself with Bismarck so as to crush the Commune For many years the Nazi movement was seen as a political response of the German Mittelstand (lower middle class) of small businessmen, independent artisans, small shopkeepers and the self-employed, to the threats coming from big business and large retail stores, from the trade unions, the Social Democrats and Communists, and from increased government interference and taxes to pay for Weimar's burgeoning welfare state With the framers of the Versailles Treaty, German Social Democrats and the Catholic Center Party succeeded in writing a constitution dubbed the Weimar Republic. The Republic was doomed from the outset by its struggles with burdensome war reparations, inflation, foreign military occupation west of the Rhine, a war guilt clause in the Versailles Treaty, and heavy losses of territory He was of the opinion that a strong Nazi society could be established only by teaching children Nazi ideology. Hence, all schools were purified by dismissing teachers and students who were Jews. (ii) 'Good German' children were subjected to a process of Nazi schooling, a prolonged period of ideological training The presidential campaign of 1896 was an emotional one—and much of the political maneuvering may look familiar to voters today. A key player in the political drama was a man whose name is associated more with pianos than hardball politics. Volunteer Researcher Larry Margasak explores piano manufacturer William Steinway's role in the 1896 campaign

German Social Democratic Party - Spartacus Educationa

1. In his Enabling Act Speech to Parliament, Hitler accused the Social Democrats of having betrayed Germany during the Weimar Republic by letting Germany be dictated to by foreign powers. Responding to a Social Democrat deputy's concern about liberty and human rights, Hitler claimed that his party had stood up for Germany and was victimized and deprived of liberty and justice along with the German people
2. Social Democracy's revolution of 9 November 1918 betrayed German workers. There was no great idea, not a single great man, and therefore no great liberating act. Instead of freeing the people from Western capitalism, the Red System party hacks in Germany turned them over to international Jewish financial capital
3. Germany's conservative parties, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Christian Social Union (CSU), walked out of discussions over planned new German immigration laws with their heads held high
4. Introduction The post Cold War reunification of Germany in 1990 seemed such a natural consequence of the end of the Cold War and the collapse of Soviet power in Eastern Europe that it is easy to forget that Germany had a fairly brief life span as a unified nation-state. Germany only unified as recently as 1871, when Wilhelm I became the leader of the German Empire following the Franco-Prussian.
5. On 9 November 1918, the party newspaper, Vorwärts, admonished the German people to allow itself 'only the luxury of a very short period of euphoria' before proceeding to demonstrate that they were worthy of their newly acquired power. 57 The requirement to hold back on the fulfilment of personal desires came with a far-reaching promise: a life without the kind of external discipline.
6. Muldoon highlights Kautsky's program for the German Independent Social Democrats (USPD) in the German Revolution of 1918-1919, which he argues provides a realistic and democratic alternative to both social-democratic attempts to regulate capitalism and a revolutionary road to power that destroys the existing capitalist state

1918-1933 Laurie Marhoefer Syracuse University Ideas about hereditary degeneration animated two powerful movements for sexual liberation during the Weimar Republic. One reform won the decriminalization of female prostitution. The other nearly won the repeal of Germany's sodomy law. Activists for the s Hitler and other Nazi propagandists were highly successful in directing the population's anger and fear against the Jews; against the Marxists (Communists and Social Democrats); and against those the Nazis held responsible for signing both the armistice of November 1918 and the Versailles treaty, and for establishing the parliamentary republic 1961 - Construction of the Berlin Wall ends steady flight of people from East to West. 1969 - Social Democrat Willy Brandt becomes chancellor and seeks better ties with the Soviet Union and East.

Why did the Social Democratic Party of Germany side

The German Empire is a federal semi-constitutional monarchy ruled by the German Kaiser (who is also King of Prussia). Although Germany has many political parties, its state policies remain rather authoritarian, and the Constitution of the Second German Reich has stood in place for 60 years. The Chancellor and Government are appointed by the Kaiser, but legislation needs to be approved by the. In 1918, Germany was it had not been for political sabotage by Social Democrats and Jews who fought so long to undo the shame of 9 November 1918. Germany's first. Left-wing Social Democrats pressed for more state ownership of banks and industry, wider social benefits and subsidies to create jobs — measures anathema to Mr. Schmidt. And suddenly he was out. Manmade food shortages arose early in the war on the front line and especially on the German home front. Hundreds of thousands suffered malnutrition and worse. Attendant protest quickly revealed deep political implications that influenced the prosecution of the war, evoking lasting public demand for government intervention on behalf of the German consumers, and contributing to the.

The decisive battle occurred on August 11, 1904, when 5,000-6,000 poorly armed Ovaherero warriors were encircled by 1,488 German troops and 96 officers armed with modern rifles, machine guns, and cannons. The Ovaherero were defeated and forced to flee, mainly in the direction of the waterless Omaheke desert to the east (see map) Gustav Stresemann (10 May 1878-3 October 1929) was a German liberal politician who was Chancellor and Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic.He shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926.. Stresemann's politics are hard to define. Today, he is generally considered one of the most important leaders of Germany and a staunch supporter of democracy in the fragile Weimar Republic They were supported by the German political parties, including the Social Democrats. Developing from a group of Social Democrats who in 1914 opposed the voting of the war credits by the party, the.

Failed Uprisings in Germany, 1918-19. In power in Berlin at the close of World War I was Germany's Social Democrats Christmas Day, government troops exchanged fire with the revolutionary sailors, and 56 of the government troops and 11 of the revolutionary sailors were killed One factor that was of huge significance to the rise of fascism in Germany was the Treaty of Versailles. The Social Democrats, who were the main party of influence in the post-war government, were blamed for accepting a peace treaty which economically crippled and morally condemned Germany for being the instigators of World War I Class 9 Chapter 3 History, Nazism and the rise of Hitler MCQ, Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Objective Questions, Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9, Short note on Rise of Hitler, Hitler's rise to power notes The Spartacist Revolt. In January 1919, the Weimar Government led by President Friedrich Ebert and his Social Democratic Party, was challenged by a group of revolutionaries called the Spartacists 'We must above all remember the disgrace that the once so-powerful German Reich has come to through the revolutionaries of 1918', argued Röder in the Hofer Anzeiger, for 'even if one wants to take the stab-in-the-back as a 'legend', which everyone who lived through the collapse at the front can refute, then the fact remains that the November lunacy brought a time of worthlessness to.

That year, a coalition of liberals, social democrats and the Catholic Center Party emerged in the German parliament, the Reichstag, to urge Kaiser Wilhelm II and the military leadership of Gens and Social Democrats inherent in German economic and political life. A great deal of painstaking research has been and is being done on political relations between workers in the factories in the Weimar Republic.3 My study of the Party's efforts to organize and direct violence against th Nazi Germany and its allies established over 44,000 concentration camps and incarceration sites during the Holocaust. Read about the Nazi camp system Germany made initial gains by occupying France and Belgium. However the Allies, strengthened by the US entry in 1917, won ,defeating Germany and the Central Powers in November 1918. The defeat of Imperial Germany and the abdication of the emperor gave an opportunity to parliamentary parties to recast German polity The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich) or Second Reich dominated central Europe, 1871-1918. It was established by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1871 following the triumph of Prussia and its allies and collapse of the Second French Empire in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War.The unification of the German lands (except for Austria and Liechtenstein) into one entity was the culmination of.

The red rose has long been a symbol of the Swedish Social Democrats and has a range of emotional resonances. These were evoked in the 1911 James Oppenheim poem Bread and Roses, which in turn was inspired by banners carried by striking women textile workers Thousands of Communists were arrested and thrown into hastily erected concentration camps, where they were soon joined by many Social Democrats and trade unionists. On March 23, 1933, Hitler persuaded members of the Reichstag by a mixture of threats and promises to pass the Enabling Law, which allowed the cabinet to pass laws without parliamentary or presidential approval

Germany And The Future Of Social Democracy In Europe

1. Yet the German elite had often been challenged and smashed, exposed to political extremism, war, destruction and revolution: the First World War and the doom of the German empire in 1918 being the most important catastrophe before the Second World War and the Holocaust. There was a constant feeling of threat among the elites
2. In particular they both wanted to crush the Communist Party - which had 100 seats in the Reichstag and hoped to create a Stalinist version of Germany - and the Social Democrats, who were even larger. In November 1932, the Social Democrats and Communists together had more votes and seats than the Nazis, but they were also deadly enemies of.
3. Relations with Germany were of a purely private where the German immigrant gives up his German citizenship for a thing of little significance. war ended in November 1918,.
4. The moderately progressive Social Democrats, who enjoyed even more widespread support, were damned as November traitors, a reference to the November revolution in 1918 that overthrew the.
5. That is how later she fought France with the aid of all Europe, and that is how, at the turn of the century, she began the encirclement of the then German Reich and, in 1914, the [First] World War. It was only on account of its internal lack of unity that Germany was defeated in 1918. The consequences were terrible
6. Among those elected were also Social— Democrats, and even members of the organisation. This writer witnessed a very painful scene during the meeting of the Moscow Regional Committee, when that leading Social-Democratic organisation discussed what was to be done after the failure of the (Plekhanov) tactics
7. Social Democrats are the worst, imo. They pretend to be for the people and workers without a specific radical agenda, yet throw them constantly under the bus and don't reveal their true identity as the open Communists do. Nevertheless, the Social Democrats, or Sozis, maintain the birth house of Karl Marx as some sort if shrine in Germany

The German Social Democracy - JSTO

All these factors were at work during and after World War I. The last of the Habsburg emperors, Karl, abdicated on November 11, 1918, and a provisional government of the Social Democrats and the Christian Socials declared Germany-Austria a republic on November 12 From November 8 to November 9, 1923, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) and his followers staged the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, a failed takeover of the government in Bavaria, a state in southern Germany In 1918 the anti-monarchist November Revolution broke out, the Kaiser abdicated, and a left-leaning provisional government filled the vacuum. Then the Spartacist uprising, led by the just founded Communist Party of Germany (KPD), tried to overthrow the government, which in turn unleashed the pro-monarchist army and the right-wing Freikorps (Free Corps) paramilitary to crush the uprising At the beginning of the second world war, Allied powers were led by U.K. and France. In 1941 they were joined by USSR and USA. Question 11. What was the result of First World War for Germany? Answer: Germany and the central powers were defeated in November 1918. Germany had to sign the humiliating Treaty of Versailles. Question 12

Social Democratic Party of Germany - Policy and structure

Check NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science (History - Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution) based on the latest CBSE 9th SST Syllabus 2020-21 In October 1923, the German Communist Party prepared an insurrection and then cancelled it at the last minute, prompting Leon Trotsky to characterize it as a classic demonstration of how it is. The word Holocaust, from the Greek words holos (whole) and kaustos (burned), was historically used to describe a sacrificial offering burned on an altar The Turkish War of Liberation (1919-1922) is unique in several senses. Probably the most important aspect of it is that it was fought under a constitutional government that was formed for that very purpose.The formation of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (GNAT) in 1920 and the Constitution's enactment in 1921 are the landmarks of this struggle From Kita to Uni The education system in Germany varies from state to state, although the basic K-12 system is fairly uniform. As in the US, education is the responsibility of each of the 16 German states (Bundesländer), but there is a national conference of state education ministers (Kultusministerkonferenz, KMK) that serves to coordinate educational practices at the national level

Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries along with peasants and workers demanded constitution. They were supported in the empire by nationalists (in Poland) and in Muslim-dominated areas by jadidists who wanted modernized Islam to lead their societies. 1904: price of essential goods rose, real wages declined by 20 On November 10th, 1928 National Peasant Party formed a government with the collaboration of the Social-Democratic Party, German and Hebrew Party. Romanian and German Social Democrats in Caras Severin and they elected as deputies on Eftimie Gherman and Johann Steinbauer and those in Timis-Torontal Josef and Josef Pistiner Proschaszka In 1918 Germany was defeated, William II abdicated, and the German empire came to an end. Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany ceded land to France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland, Lithuania, and Czechoslovakia, and it also lost its colonies. Its military powers were greatly restricted Social and Political Impact of the First Phase of the Industrial RevolutionFrom 1800 to 1850, the population of England and Wales doubled, from nine million to eighteen million. During the same period, the proportion of people living in cities rose from 10 percent to 50 percent. Put together, the population of the cities of England and Wales rose from about nine hundred thousand to nine.

German revolution: diverted and betrayed by leaders of

Infoplease has everything you need to know about Germany. Check out our countryprofile, full of essential information about Germany'sgeography, history,government, economy, population, culture, religion and languages. If that's not enough, click over to our collection of world maps and flags 11/11/11 Unite For World Peace . November 11 1918 was supposed to be the end of all war. Instead the propaganda machine continued and with its perseverance the concept of peace was lost as being normal. Perpetual war was created immediately as war was outlawed. By refusing to enforce the ban of the concept of war, perpetual war was born The KKK also has a long history of being pro-Confederate — it started out as a social club for ex-Confederate soldiers, and present-day KKKers still love the Confederacy. It was Southern Democrats who were KKKers, the sorts of Democrats who became Republicans over the last half-century. Abraham Lincoln? By present-day standards, he'd be a RINO Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions Social Science History Chapter 2 Important Questions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Class 9 Important Questions Very Short Answer Type Questions Question 1. In the context of Russia, which group was [

Together with the Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries, they worked with peasants and workers during the revolution of 1905 to demand a constitution. They were supported in the empire by nationalists (in Poland for instance) and in Muslim-dominated areas by jadidists who wanted modernised Islam to lead their societies One might also say that Germany had no national flag from the proclamation of the Republic on November 1918, or that the black-red-gold —or the red— flag was de facto in use in this period; in fact, all three flags and some others were intermittently in use, but none had a constitutional basis until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution In November 1923 during the time of hyper-inflation, the German mark, which had traded at 4.2 to the American dollar in 1914, was trading at 4.2 trillion marks to the dollar. Individuals saw their life savings and their hopes for a comfortable retirement disappear overnight Rosa Luxemburg wanted it all: books and music, sex and art, evening walks and the revolution. Her lover, Leo Jogiches, told her this was nonsense

Encyclopedia of Jewish and Israeli history, politics and culture, with biographies, statistics, articles and documents on topics from anti-Semitism to Zionism Vivian Lee, FALSE-FLAG INSURRECTION AND STAGED DEATH AT THE US CAPITOL Prepare For Change / Derek Knauss From lightonconspiracies.com: The siege on January 6, 2021, has been called a coup (Jamie Raskin, D‒Maryland), a brutal assault on our Republic (Dan Newhouse, R‒Washington), a white nationalist insurrection (Adam Schiff, D‒California) that caused death and. German-language services in churches were disrupted and German-language newspapers were shut down; churches housing German congregations were painted yellow; schoolchildren were forced to sign pledges in which they promised not to use any foreign language whatsoever; citizens of German descent were dragged out of their homes at night and forced to kiss the flag or sing the national anthem

Others were unwilling to accept the violence and elitism of this course. In Germany, meanwhile, the Social Democratic Party accepted governing responsibility, Social democrats,. By early November 1918, many cities had been taken over by workers' and soldiers' councils. This was very similar to what had happened in Russia during the communist take over of 1917 and politicians were fearful of another communist takeover in Germany itself.. The leading party in Germany's Reichstag (Parliament), was the Social Democrat Party Universities in Nazi Germany were strictly controlled by the authorities. Senior university professors were hand-picked Nazis. The subjects that were taught in universities had to fit in to Nazi ideology and few in the universities were prepared to openly defy the regime. Historically, universities in Germany had been held in very high regard

Terrified, the Center Party and Social Democrats ban the Führer from speaking in public for over two years. 1926. The first party rally after Hitler's release is held in June 1926. The bourgeois world is convinced that paying reparations will save Germany, and that the Dawes Plan will stimulate the economy Across Germany as a whole, the Nazis won 43.91% of the popular vote and got 44.51% of the seats. This made them by far the largest party in the German Reichstag, but still without a clear majority mandate. And this was after the Communists and Social Democrats were intimidated and attacked by SA brownshirts throughout the election During this period the Social Democrats had adopted a cardinal policy which confined their activities to supporting the bourgeois-democratic revolution. This is despite the fact that social democracy became very popular in Iran and few hesitated to identify themselves as Social Democrats. By 1909 when proper political parties were set up and th

While the allies were anxious to have American support, they viewed Wilson`s premises as completely naive and had no intention of following his precepts when they negotiated peace with the Germans after the armistice of November 1918. Representatives of the German government were summoned to Paris and on May 7, 1919, presented with the fruits. Bismarck certainly didn't want his Reich contaminated by any more of that, putrid south German sentimentality, as he put it. After all, those putrid south Germans were likely to elect a Reichstag dominated by Liberals, Social Democrats, and Catholics -- all opponents of Bismarck's junker state There is a significant political divide in Americans' beliefs about the origin of human beings, with 60% of Republicans saying humans were created by God 10,000 years ago, a belief shared by only 40% of independents and 38% of Democrats By the end of September 1918, over one million U.S. soldiers staged a full offensive into the Argonne Forest. By November—after nearly forty days of intense fighting—the German lines were broken, and their military command reported to German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of the desperate need to end the war and enter into peace negotiations Yet while these factors were important they did not doom the Republic to inevitable failure. Within the limits imposed by these major factors numerous courses of action and results were possible and were determined by decisions and choices that individuals made. The fate of the Weimar Republic was in the hands of its leaders and its citizens